Innovative 3D-printed rotating disk with stretchable chains modified with metal-organic frameworks for monitoring viologen herbicides in rice

The optimized configuration and methodology offer enhanced analyte enrichment without the need for eluate treatment, outperforming conventional stir bar sorptive extraction and RDSE formats. The device's effectiveness was demonstrated in the extraction and analysis of viologen herbicides from rice, confirming the potential of this RDSE platform containing chain modified with MOF for efficient analysis of herbicides in complex food matrices.