Evaluating the Effectiveness of Community-Based Sanitation Programs in Langkat Regency: Impact on Public Health and Sustainability

The Community-Based Sanitation Program (PAMSIMAS) is a government initiative designed to improve access to proper sanitation facilities, particularly in rural areas. This study evaluates the effectiveness of PAMSIMAS in Tanjung Aman Village, Wampu District, Langkat Regency. A qualitative approach, utilizing a phenomenological method, was applied to understand the experiences and perceptions of local residents and village officials regarding the implementation of the program. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation, involving 15 informants, including residents, sanitation cadres, and village officials. The findings indicate that technically, the sanitation facilities established through PAMSIMAS are functioning well. However, the sustainability of the program faces significant challenges, such as low community participation, weak maintenance systems, and the lack of binding local regulations to support its continuity. Although community perception of the program is largely positive, with noticeable improvements in environmental cleanliness and user comfort, issues of unequal access to the facilities persist, particularly for marginalized groups in the village. The study concludes that the success of PAMSIMAS in Tanjung Aman Village is contingent upon increased collaboration among the community, local sanitation cadres, and village-level policies. The program's long-term sustainability will depend on the active involvement of the local community in managing and maintaining the sanitation facilities. Key recommendations include the formulation of Village Regulations to enforce proper usage and maintenance of sanitation facilities, regular training for sanitation cadres to improve their skills, and the establishment of a community-based sanitation management institution. With these strategic actions, PAMSIMAS can operate more sustainably and provide lasting benefits, significantly improving the sanitation conditions in rural communities and contributing to better public health.