Balancing Conservation and Community Development: The Socio-Economic Impacts of Protected Areas on Local Communities at the Las Piñas-Parañaque Wetland Park

The Las Piñas-Parañaque Wetland Park (LPPWP), a vital ecological sanctuary in Metro Manila, faces numerous environmental and socio-economic challenges. This study investigates the socio-economic impacts of LPPWP's conservation policies on adjacent communities using a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative surveys (n=2,235) and qualitative interviews and focus groups. Findings reveal significant socio-economic disparities, with lower-income, less-educated, and insecurely housed populations reporting poorer health and higher food insecurity. Chi-square and Spearman correlation analyses demonstrate statistically significant associations between education, income, tenure status, and well-being indicators, supporting the hypothesis that marginalized groups experience greater vulnerability. Contrary to expectations, geographic proximity to the LPPWP did not consistently predict positive perceptions of its benefits. In some cases, distant barangays reported more favorable impacts than closer ones, underscoring the importance of local context. Furthermore, perceptions of community participation in conservation efforts were paradoxically associated with less favorable views of the park’s impact, suggesting disconnection or dissatisfaction with participatory processes. The study emphasizes the need for equitable, community-centered conservation strategies, including participatory planning, benefit-sharing mechanisms, and sustainable livelihood programs. Strengthening education, public awareness, and waste management is also critical. This research provides actionable insights for balancing biodiversity protection with social equity, reinforcing the necessity of inclusive governance in protected area management. The findings contribute to broader discourses on environmental justice, sustainable development, and the socio-ecological dynamics of urban conservation.