Beamforming Algorithm Based on Multipath Coefficients Estimation for GNSS Receivers

The multipath effect is one of the primary factors affecting the precision and reliability of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receiver with array antennas. Resolving the multipath effect in complex environments presents a significant challenge. To address this issue, a coherent adaptive beamforming method with multipath coefficients compensation is proposed. In this paper, the relevance between the direct signal and the multipath signal is analyzed, and the multipath fading coefficient is estimated, so that all the signal received can be coherently combined with the fading coefficients, which in turn maximizes the amplitude of the received signal and greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of the signal, without the estimation of the multipath signal angle. Through simulation experiments, the proposed algorithm effectively suppresses multipath signal from its directions. In addition, compared to conventional beamforming algorithms, the proposed method demonstrates a greater enhancement in output SNR, as indicated by the simulation results.