Evaluation of the state of gene pools of Pinus sylvestris L. populations in the Urals and adjacent territories using two types of molecular markers

The state of gene pools of 11 populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Urals and adjacent territories was studied using two types of highly polymorphic molecular markers. Analysis of polymorphism of inter simple sequence repeats markers showed an average level of genetic diversity of the species (P95 = 1.000; I = 0.224; HE = 0.130; ne= 1.319). Analysis of polymorphism of nucleotide sequences of three potentially adaptive loci of P. sylvestris revealed haplotype diversity (Hd) equal to 0.662, and nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.004. Tajima test showed the presence of deviations from neutrality for the Pinus-12 locus (DT = -2.615), which indicates the possible influence of selective processes. The population from Cherdynsky (Ps_Ch) district has the highest genetic diversity (P95 = 0.970; I = 0.264; HE = 0.167; Hd = 0.661), and the population from Mechetlinsky (Ps_Mh) district has the lowest (P95 = 0.853; I = 0.144; HE = 0.089; Hd = 0.650). Populations with typical (CGO <1.000) and specific (CGO >1.000) gene pools were identified. It was found that the state of the gene pools of 7 studied populations of P. sylvestris is satisfactory, and depletion of the gene pools is observed in 4 populations. The presented approach allows us to identify the key features of their gene pools, which are necessary for the development of measures to preserve and restore the genetic resources of Scots pine.