Optimal Location Determination of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Trabzon Province Using the Fox Optimizer

This study presents a novel multi-objective optimization approach based on the Fox Optimizer (FOX) to determine the optimal locations for electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) in Trabzon, Türkiye. The proposed method incorporates real-world data, including user density, grid infrastructure, and installation costs, within a flexible framework that balances accessibility, economic feasibility, and grid compatibility. Four planning scenarios with varying objective weightings were evaluated, revealing the FOX algorithm’s ability to adapt to diverse urban priorities. The results demonstrate that FOX can consistently identify geographically coherent and technically feasible locations, offering a robust solution for real-world EV infrastructure planning challenges.