Analysis of GDOP for Passive Radar Based on LEO Satellite Constellation Downlink Signal

LEO satellite constellation downlink signals are emerging as promising illuminators of opportunity for passive radars. Recent studies have investigated the feasibility and evaluated the detection performance of these systems through theoretical analyses and experimental validations. The location performance remains insufficiently explored. The theoretical location performance of LEO satellite based passive radar especially the well-known starlink satellite has not been discussed. This paper presents analyses of the geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) for LEO-based passive radars. Simulations employing orbital parameters from the starlink constellations are carried out to evaluate the theoretical bounds. Furthermore, the maximum detectable time for an individual satellite is also discussed.