Relieving effect of an Maren-Zhizhu emulsion on loperamide hydrochloride-induced constipation in mice and its effects on the gut microbiota

We observed changes in fecal water content, time of first black stool, gastrointestinal transit rate, short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) levels, and serum gastrointestinal regulatory peptide levels before and after consuming MRZZ. MRZZ increased the levels of relevant gastrointestinal regulatory neurotransmitters such as MTL, SP, and GAS, as well as SCFAs (especially acetate and isobutyrate). Furthermore, it reshaped the structure of the gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of <i>Firmicutes</i> and reducing potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as <i>Proteobacteria.</i> In addition, MRZZ suppressed intestinal inflammatory responses and enhances intestinal functions. In conclusion, MRZZ may alleviate constipation by synergistically regulating the gut microbiota, which may enhance the application value of TCM to treat constipation.