POLYMERS AND HYDROGELS IN EYE SURGERY: MODERN SOLUTIONS FOR TISSUE PROTECTION AND REGENERATION

Polymers and hydrogels are fundamental innovations in ophthalmology, helping to improve the protection and regeneration of eye tissues. These compounds offer significant benefits due to their biocompatibility, flexibility, and ability to mimic biological structures, and have been successfully used in therapeutic contact lenses, eye dressings, and controlled drug delivery systems. Biodegradable polymers and stimuli-reactive hydrogels allow the gradual release of therapeutic agents, adapting to the specific conditions of the eye and reducing the need for frequent treatments. These materials also support eye cell regeneration and reduce the risk of post-operative infections and inflammation. However, their implementation raises challenges, especially in terms of sustainability, full integration with natural tissues and avoidance of immune reactions. Stimulus-reactive hydrogels and polymers hold promise for personalized delivery of treatments, and further research is essential to optimize the stability and performance of these materials. In conclusion, advances in the use of polymers and hydrogels in ophthalmology mark an important advance in eye treatments, providing patients with safer and more effective solutions for recovery and treatment, and opening up new perspectives in ocular regenerative medicine.