CERAMICS AND METALS IN ORTHOPEDICS: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BIOMATERIALS IN ENDOPROSTHESES

This review explores the use of ceramics and metals as biomaterials in endoprosthetics, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of each material according to orthopedic needs. Ceramic is preferred for its high biocompatibility and wear resistance, thus reducing the risk of inflammation and providing optimal performance in mobile joints such as the hip. However, its fragility and high costs pose major challenges, limiting its use to patients with a less active lifestyle. Metals, such as titanium and cobalt-chromium alloys, are known for their durability and ability to withstand high loads, making them ideal for active patients. Disadvantages include excessive stiffness, which can lead to bone loss, and the potential release of metal ions, which can cause inflammatory reactions. Recent innovations, such as nanotechnology and 3D printing, have improved the adaptability and durability of implants, allowing for increased customization and more efficient integration into the body. The choice of material must be customized for each patient, taking into account lifestyle, physical activities and long-term risks, to ensure optimal recovery and extended life of the endoprosthesis.