Three hot Jupiters transiting K-dwarfs with significant heavy element masses

Context . Despite predictions from planetary population synthesis models indicating that such systems should be exceedingly rare, short-period gas giants do exist around low-mass stars ( T eff < 4965 K), albeit at lower frequency than around hotter stars. Aims . By combining data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite ( TESS ) and ground-based follow-up observations, we seek to confirm and characterize giant planets transiting K dwarfs, particularly mid- to late-K dwarfs. Methods . Photometric data were obtained from the TESS mission, supplemented by ground-based imaging and photometric observations, as well as high-resolution spectroscopic data from the CORALIE spectrograph. Radial velocity (RV) measurements were analyzed to confirm the presence of companions. Results . We report the confirmation and characterization of three giants transiting mid-K dwarfs. Within the TOI-2969 system, a giant planet of 1.16 ± 0.04 M Jup with a radius of 1.10 ± 0.08 R Jup orbits its K3V host in 1.82 days. The TOI-2989 system contains a 3.0 ± 0.2 M Jup giant with a radius of 1.12 ± 0.05 R Jup , which orbits its K4V host in 3.12 days. The K4V star TOI-5300 hosts a giant of 0.6 ± 0.1 M Jup with a radius of 0.88 ± 0.08 R Jup and an orbital period of 2.3 days. The equilibrium temperatures of the companions range from 1001 to 1186 K, which classifies them as hot Jupiters. However, they do not exhibit radius inflation. The estimated heavy element masses in their interiors, inferred from the mass, radius, and evolutionary models, are 90 ± 30 M ⊕ , 114 ± 30 M ⊕ , and 84 ± 21 M ⊕ , respectively. These heavy element masses are significantly higher than most reported heavy elements for K-dwarf hot Jupiters. Conclusions . These mass characterizations contribute to the poorly explored population of massive companions around low-mass stars.

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Journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2025-08-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202553879
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.15

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article

Three hot Jupiters transiting K-dwarfs with significant heavy element masses

Thiam-Guan Tan, Tansu Daylan, F. Bouchy, G. Fűrész et al.
1 citations
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
1.15
article

Three hot Jupiters transiting K-dwarfs with significant heavy element masses

Thiam-Guan Tan, Tansu Daylan, F. Bouchy, G. Fűrész, Jon M. Jenkins, Léna Parc, Andrew W. Mann, Benjamin M. Tofflemire, M. Timmermans, M. Gillon, F. J. Pozuelos, Ivan A. Strakhov, F. Murgas, M. Steiner, Ε. Πάλλη, Cristilyn N. Watkins, W. Ceva, David W. Latham, Emmanuël Jehin, S. Ulmer-Moll, Phil Evans, B. Lavie, E. Fontanet, J. P. Faria, Adam Popowicz, Nolan Grieves, Sara Seager, Casper Farret Jentink, G. Ricker, M. Shinde, R. Vanderspek, Khalid Barkaoui, Alexandre Revol, Valentina Vaulato, C. Ziegler, J. N. Winn, F. Pepe, C. Hellier, N. C. Santos, Don J. Radford, Matthew P. Battley, G. Lo Curto, S. Udry, Keivan G. Stassun, Yolanda G. C. Frensch, S. G. Sousa, H. Chakraborty, N. Law, K. A. Collins, H. M. Relles, Leon Ka-Wang Kwok, S. Tavella, E. Fridén
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Context . Despite predictions from planetary population synthesis models indicating that such systems should be exceedingly rare, short-period gas giants do exist around low-mass stars ( T eff < 4965 K), albeit at lower frequency than around hotter stars. Aims . By combining data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite ( TESS ) and ground-based follow-up observations, we seek to confirm and characterize giant planets transiting K dwarfs, particularly mid- to late-K dwarfs. Methods . Photometric data were obtained from the TESS mission, supplemented by ground-based imaging and photometric observations, as well as high-resolution spectroscopic data from the CORALIE spectrograph. Radial velocity (RV) measurements were analyzed to confirm the presence of companions. Results . We report the confirmation and characterization of three giants transiting mid-K dwarfs. Within the TOI-2969 system, a giant planet of 1.16 ± 0.04 M Jup with a radius of 1.10 ± 0.08 R Jup orbits its K3V host in 1.82 days. The TOI-2989 system contains a 3.0 ± 0.2 M Jup giant with a radius of 1.12 ± 0.05 R Jup , which orbits its K4V host in 3.12 days. The K4V star TOI-5300 hosts a giant of 0.6 ± 0.1 M Jup with a radius of 0.88 ± 0.08 R Jup and an orbital period of 2.3 days. The equilibrium temperatures of the companions range from 1001 to 1186 K, which classifies them as hot Jupiters. However, they do not exhibit radius inflation. The estimated heavy element masses in their interiors, inferred from the mass, radius, and evolutionary models, are 90 ± 30 M ⊕ , 114 ± 30 M ⊕ , and 84 ± 21 M ⊕ , respectively. These heavy element masses are significantly higher than most reported heavy elements for K-dwarf hot Jupiters. Conclusions . These mass characterizations contribute to the poorly explored population of massive companions around low-mass stars.

Astronomy and AstrophysicsVol. 700
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US), Silesian University of Technology (PL), Leiden University (NL), Ames Research Center (US), Planetary Science Institute (US), European Southern Observatory (DE), University of Liège (BE), Universidad de La Laguna (ES), Queen Mary University of London (GB), Universidade do Porto (PT), Vanderbilt University (US), Princeton University (US), Stephen F. Austin State University (US), Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences (PT), Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope Observatory (AU), Bowral & District Hospital (AU), Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US), Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (ES), Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (ES), Swiss Institute of Comparative Law (CH), American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (US), Keele University (GB), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US), Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (US)
National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, California Institute of Technology, Michigan State University, Fundación Carmen y Severo Ochoa, European Commission, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Ames Research Center, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Science Mission Directorate, European Research Council, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture, European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Openalex Percentile: Top 17%
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
1.15
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