EVALUATION OF BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF BIOMATERIALS IN EDENTULOUS REHABILITATION

Edentulous rehabilitation is a major challenge in dentistry, requiring biomaterials capable of effectively replacing lost dental structures and ensuring long-term integration with adjacent tissues. Biocompatibility is an essential characteristic of these biomaterials, being necessary to prevent side effects and promote bone integration. In this context, the present article analyzes the types of biomaterials frequently used in edentulous rehabilitation, including metals, ceramics, and polymers. It presents the methods for assessing their biocompatibility, both in vitro and in vivo. Factors influencing biocompatibility are also examined, including the structure and composition of the material, the patient's immunological reactions, and the local conditions of the oral cavity. Finally, the current challenges encountered in practice are presented, as well as future research directions for developing advanced biomaterials. This analysis highlights the importance of biocompatibility in the long-term success of dental implants and contributes to the optimization of treatments for edentulous rehabilitation.