Therapeutic Effects of Sulforaphane on Helicobacter pylori-Infected Mice: Insights from High-Coverage Metabolomics and Lipidomics Analyses of Serum and Liver

Sulforaphane, a natural isothiocyanate predominantly found in cruciferous vegetables, has shown potential in preventing and treating <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain largely unclear. This study employed high-coverage metabolomics and lipidomics methods to comprehensively investigate the effects of sulforaphane on the serum and liver metabolic profiles of <i>H. pylori</i>-infected mice. Metabolomics and lipidomics analysis revealed that <i>H. pylori</i> infection disrupted multiple metabolic pathways, leading to perturbations in amino acids, fatty acids, bile acids, and various lipid species. Sulforaphane treatment can ameliorate these disruptions, notably reversing alterations in serum glycerophospholipids and restoring hepatic levels of amino acids, bile acids, glycerophospholipids, ceramides, and peptides. Key metabolic pathways implicated included glutathione metabolism and glycine and serine metabolism, which are associated with antioxidant defense and host resistance to pathogenic infections. These findings offer a comprehensive metabolic basis for understanding the therapeutic effects of sulforaphane against <i>H. pylori</i> infection.