HYDROGELS IN NEUROSURGERY/NEUROREGENERATION, APPLICATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES

Hydrogels represent a promising class of biomaterials used in neurosurgery and neuroregeneration due to their high biocompatibility, adjustable mechanical properties, and ability to mimic the natural extracellular matrix. This review explores their diverse applications, from neural tissue repair and peripheral nerve regeneration, to cell therapies and controlled drug delivery. Their unique properties, such as in situ gelling and porosity, allow them to provide effective structural support and facilitate neuronal regeneration. Recent developments highlight the use of hydrogels functionalized with growth factors or nanoparticles to improve axonal regeneration and integration with existing tissues. At the same time, biodegradability challenges, incomplete integration with tissues and high costs are significant barriers to their widespread application. The future of research in this field focuses on the development of personalized hydrogels, integration with 3D-printing technologies and the creation of smart materials responsive to stimuli. These advances can revolutionize treatments for central and peripheral nervous system injuries, providing innovative and effective solutions for patients. Therefore, hydrogels have the potential to fundamentally transform therapeutic approaches in neurosurgery and neuroregeneration.