PROCESSED XENOGRAFTS, TOP BIOMATERIALS FOR BONE TISSUE RECONSTRUCTION

Xenografts, derived from animal tissues, have emerged as a valuable solution in bone tissue reconstruction due to their osteoconductive properties and wide clinical applicability. These biomaterials are extensively used in dentistry, maxillofacial surgery, and orthopedics, addressing challenges such as bone defects caused by trauma, tumors, or degenerative diseases. The processing of xenografts involves antigen removal and sterilization, ensuring biocompatibility and reducing the risk of immunological reactions. Their availability and adaptability in various forms, such as granules, blocks, and pastes, make them suitable for a range of defect sizes and locations. The advantages of xenografts include cost-effectiveness, elimination of the need for a second surgical site, and compatibility with other biomaterials, allowing for hybrid applications in complex cases. Despite their benefits, limitations exist, such as slower integration rates and potential biomechanical fragility. However, advancements in tissue engineering and the combination of xenografts with growth factors and synthetic materials hold promise for improving their clinical outcomes. This review explores the biological characteristics, clinical applications, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of processed xenografts, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize bone tissue reconstruction and expand treatment possibilities.