THEORETICAL AND METHODICAL APPROACH TO SECURITY ENVIRONMENT CHARACTERISTICS

The scientific article reveals the relevance of the research topic, due to Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine and global threats that negatively affect domestic society. The main focus of scientific research focuses on the need to develop and improve security activities, which are faced with practical challenges in finding effective security mechanisms to form a security environment given modern realities and needs. The study conducted a thorough theoretical analysis of approaches to interpreting the term "security environment", which consists of the components "security" and "environment", and proposed clear definitions for these concepts. Analyzing the approaches to interpreting the idea of "security" by Ukrainian scientists, the authors find that the social environment includes macro- and micro-level components that cover the political, social and spiritual spheres. Different living environments are presented: safe, dangerous and security, where the latter contains mechanisms for protection against existing and potential threats. A classification of threats by the degree of predictability and liquidity is proposed, which determines different approaches to understanding the essence and purpose of security activities. An author's scientific and methodological approach to the characterization of the security environment has been developed, which provides for different types of security activities – proactive, reactive and palliative security activities, which differ in methods of countering different types of threats. The proposed approach is aimed at improving security systems at different levels and overcoming current security challenges. It also emphasizes the integration of security activities into socio-political and economic processes taking place in Ukraine and at the global level. Thus, the proposed approach provides a theoretical basis for further research and development of practical measures to strengthen state security and form a security environment, laying the foundation for sustainable development and maintaining stability in the face of modern challenges and threats.