A Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Comparative Study on the Effects of Grape Seed Oil and Tazarotene on Imiquimod Cream-Induced Psoriasis in Mice

Inflammatory cellular infiltration and epidermal hyperplasia are hallmarks of psoriasis, which is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease. One of the main etiologies is thought to be inflammatory cytokines. Serious side effects are linked to the available therapeutic medications for psoriasis. Although grape seed oil (GSO) has been shown to reduce inflammation and cell division, its impact on the management of psoriasis is yet unknown. This study therefore aimed to look into the possible therapeutic impact of GSO on a mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis in comparison with tazarotene. Five groups (n=6/group) of thirty adult male mice were set up: the control group, imiquimod (IMQ), GSO, IMQ and tazarotene (TA) (IMQ/TA), and IMQ/GSO-treated groups. After receiving imiquimod to induce psoriasis, the experimental groups received either GSO or TA therapy for a duration of two weeks. By the end of the study, the function of GSO in the therapy of psoriasis had been identified thanks to histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural investigations. We noticed that imiquimod therapy caused severe inflammation and lesions resembling psoriasis. When compared to tazarotene treatment, GSO treatment of psoriatic lesions significantly reduced the inflammatory signs and sped up skin recovery, both clinically and histologically. Under a microscope, GSO decreased the invasion of dermal inflammatory cells and restored the normal epidermis' thickness. GSO suppressed TNF-α expression and reduced the quantity of dermal mast cells. EM pictures showed how GSO helps to strengthen the hemidesmosome and desmosome connections. Through the suppression of TNF-α expression, GSO showed a remarkable therapeutic impact in the mouse psoriasis model overall. It is therefore advised that additional clinical studies be done in order to figure out whether it is a useful natural remedy for psoriasis.