A novel in-vivo drug delivery strategy against Salmonella: A case study of ciprofloxacin loaded chitosan nanoparticles for boiler birds

The present study aimed to evaluate the in-vivo efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with ciprofloxacin antibiotic (CSNPs-CIP) against salmonella enteritidis infection as a nanodrug delivery system. Our results revealed that this nanodrug delivery system exhibited a significant improvement in external clinical symptoms which appeared after infection as compared with the infected group. This can be expressed and shown in the recovery percentage of fresh weight and clinical indices measurements of ciprofloxacin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles which gives 73.9 % recovery compared with treatment with ciprofloxacin; 2.0 mg ml-1 singly or chitosan; 10% singly which give 54.3% and 58.7% percent recovery respectively. Meanwhile, gene expression levels and biochemical profile of hepatic and intestinal tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly different in the group treated with chitosan nanoparticles loaded with ciprofloxacin (2.0 mg ml-1) compared with healthy and infected groups. This prevents the adverse effects of the pathogen, as showed in the corrected histo-pathological picture of both the intestine and liver which showed significant improvement in the tissues of treated groups compared with the control infected group. Therefore, we can conclude that treatment of diseased chickens with Salmonella enteritidis by oral drop technique with chitosan nanoparticles; 10% loaded with ciprofloxacin; 2.0 mg ml-1 exhibited controlled release of the antibiotic, which can prolong the antibacterial effect and it was the best novel strategy for recovery from salmonellosis disease in boiler birds.