Solenostemma argel: A Comprehensive Review of Its Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities

Solenostemma argel (S. Argel), a species belonging to the Asclepiadaceae family, is widely distributed across North Africa and certain parts of Asia. Despite its broad geographical range, the plant faces considerable conservation challenges. S. argel is recognized for its significant biological activities, which are attributed to its diverse phytochemical profile.The therapeutic potential of S. argel is well-substantiated by its rich phytochemical composition, especially in its leaves and fruits. Key active compounds include Kaempferol, Hesperetin, Quercetin, Apigenin, Kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranoside (Astragalin), Naringin, Rutin, Kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, Kaempferol 3-O-neohesperoside, gallic acid, pyrogallol, 3-hydroxytyrosol, 4-aminobenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechol, epicatechin, catechin, caffeine, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, iso-ferulic acid, resveratrol, ellagic acid, α-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid, coumarin, salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid, and cinnamic acid. This review consolidates the reported biological activities of S. argel, including its anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, antimicrobial, and gastroprotective effects. This review summarizes the chemical profiling of S. argel and its diverse biological activities across various therapeutic applications.