Performance and Emissions Analysis of a Single-Cylinder CI Engine Operated with Diesel and HHO Gas Produced by a Dry Cell Electrolyzer

Research and investment in renewable energy are vital for a sustainable future to meet the growing global energy demand driven by worldwide population growth. Dependence on fossil fuels contributes to environmental degradation and resource depletion. Renewable energy sources, such as hydrogen, have been proven to offer a sustainable alternative that reduces emissions and enhances energy security. However, hydrogen gas faces storage challenges and potential hazards. Oxyhydrogen gas (HHO), produced onboard without storage, provides a viable alternative. HHO, a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen generated via water electrolysis, was utilized in this study. The research aimed to design and implement a dry cell HHO generator to supply a steady 0.25 LPM flow rate into a single-cylinder CI engine. HHO gas was introduced through a drilled port at the intake manifold. The performance and emissions of the dual-fuel engine, powered by Diesel and HHO, were analyzed. Results showed improved brake thermal efficiency and reduced brake-specific fuel consumption with HHO integration. Emission data revealed significant reductions in carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), particularly at higher engine loads. Higher HHO flow rates were recommended to be tested to determine the optimal enrichment ratio for the engine's volume.