Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antitumor Evaluation of Tecoma stans Leaves and Flower Extracts

This study examines the chemical profile, antioxidant, and antitumor activities of Tecoma stans extracts. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and ranged from 23.07±0.32 to 558.48±0.34 (mg GAE)/g dry weight. The total flavonoid content (TFC) ranged from 12.61±0.38 to 162.68±0.35 (mg QE)/g D.W. A total of 19 phenolic compounds, including 11 phenolic acids and 8 flavonoids, were identified and quantified using HPLC in Tecoma stans MeOH extract. Coumaric acid had the highest phenolic compound value of 8270.03 µg g-1 in Tecoma stans leaves and 1158.93 µg g-1 in the flower MeOH extract. Naringenin was the main flavonoid in Tecoma stans MeOH extract from leaves (2365.46 µg g-1) and flowers (928.35 µg g-1). A total of 18 phenolic compounds, including 11 phenolic acids and 7 flavonoids, were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in Tecoma stans EtOAc extract. Vanillic acid had the highest phenolic compound value of 5379.38 µg g-1 in Tecoma stans leaves MeOH extract. Rutin was the highest flavonoid in Tecoma stans EtOAc extract, with values of 1235.70 µg g-1 for leaves and 1704.86 µg g-1 for flowers. EtoAc extract from Tecoma stans leaves and flowers exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to its MeOH, MC, and Butanol fractions. EtOAc extract showed significant cytotoxic effects against (MCF7) and (HePG2) cell lines at concentrations ranging from 50 to 400 µg mL-1. These results indicate that Tecoma stans plants are promising natural sources of bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant and antitumor properties.