A comparative study of the impact of Vitamin B12 deficiency on spontaneous abortion in Tikrit City

Background: Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a vital water-soluble micronutrient involved in DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and neurological function. Its deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with adverse outcomes, including spontaneous abortion. However, the extent of this association in Iraqi women remains underexplored. Objective: To investigate the association between serum vitamin B12 levels and spontaneous abortion, and to assess correlations with demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Methods: A comparative case-control study was conducted at [Hospital Name], involving 120 pregnant women-60 experiencing spontaneous abortion and 60 with normal pregnancies. Serum vitamin B12 concentrations were measured, and relevant variables (age, BMI, gestational age, physical activity, dietary animal intake, prior abortion history, and residence) were documented. Statistical analysis included independent sample t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Women with spontaneous abortion had significantly lower mean vitamin B12 levels (168.45±39.70 pg/mL) compared to women with normal pregnancies (247.80±42.10 pg/mL; p