The impact of ethnic factor on political stability in Africa (Tanzania as a Model)

Ethnicity is one of the most serious challenges facing new states in Africa, as it represents a central division. Ethnicity literature has linked ethnic politics to civil wars and deteriorating social and economic conditions. Tanzanian society represents an exception among African countries, as it is not based on this division. Despite the negative impact of political ethnicity, Tanzania is known as a country of civil peace. This is a result of several factors, including structural and historical factors, such as Tanzania's unique ethnic composition, the methods and strategies adopted by colonialism during the colonial era, and the political systems' efforts, albeit with diligent effort, to build an independent state with a national ethos.