Experimental Analysis of Gabion Revetments for Low-Cost and Stable River Bank Protection

Gabions, comprised of wire baskets filled with rocks, serve crucial roles in civil engineering, including stabilizing roadsides, protecting riverbanks, supporting foundations for structures, and controlling erosion in gullies, dams, and reservoirs. Despite their widespread use, there's a notable scarcity of scientific research on gabion technology, especially in developing nations like Nepal, where durability and stability remain significant challenges. The authors undertook laboratory experiments and on-site investigations along the Khar Khola River in Gorkha, Nepal to address these gaps. The laboratory tests evaluated various types of gabions, including Japanese and mixed Japanese-Nepalese types, with and without geotextiles. Concurrently, field investigations assessed gabion stability through horizontal deformation. Results indicated that constructed gabion levees of different types exhibited negligible deformation, signifying stability. However, to prevent failure, proper installation of base foundations and launching aprons is essential, particularly after flood events when soft foundations and bed scouring can compromise stability. Notably, the mixed-type gabion structure, blending Japanese and Nepalese elements, emerged as an effective alternative to conventional gabions, boasting improved stability even after a year of construction and exposure to flooding.