Characterisation and dispersion simulation of brine discharge: case study of Al Hoceima Desalination Plant, Morocco

The escalating water scarcity crisis in arid and semi-arid regions has led to the widespread adoption of desalination plants, offering a solution to meet the increasing demand for freshwater. In Morocco, the establishment of seawater desalination facilities, including the Al Hoceima plant, addresses the pressing need for potable water. However, the generation of brine as a by-product necessitates an in-depth examination of its impact on marine environments. This study focuses on analysing the physicochemical characteristics of brine discharged by the Al Hoceima Desalination Plant and simulating its dispersion in the marine environment using CORMIX software. The brine exhibited distinct differences from seawater, presenting elevated salinity, metallic elements, and slight variations in pH and turbidity. These disparities could potentially affect marine ecosystems, underscoring the importance of monitoring and mitigating brine discharge effects. Simulation modelling revealed specific patterns in brine dispersion, delineating the near-field and far-field zones with differing spatial and temporal characteristics. Understanding these dynamics aids in implementing discharge strategies to minimise ecological impacts. Various factors influencing brine dilution, such as discharge angle, water depth, and current velocity, were identified as crucial elements in determining brine behaviour in the marine environment.