Analytical approach on free convection of time-dependent Casson fluid over a vertical expanding surface with Hall current

The free convective transport of Casson fluid for the utilization of thermal interaction is critical in diversified applications with biofluid mechanics, thermal regulation in electronic devices, electromagnetic material processing, etc. The proposed investigation focuses on the analytical approach of a time-varying Casson fluid over a vertical surface for the interaction of Hall current through a permeable medium. However, radiation, internal heat generation, and species concentration energize the flow phenomena. The Casson fluid model is significant in simulating blood-like viscoplastic behavior and hyperthermia treatment, where the control of temperature and concentration is vital. The employment of similarity rules is vital in presenting the dimensionless form of the governing equations. Furthermore, an analytical approach such as Laplace transformation is employed in handling transformed equations. The momentous distinctiveness of various factors in the flow phenomena is reported graphically and described briefly. Furthermore, the important outcomes are as follows: The inclusion of solutal buoyancy combined with the thermal buoyancy augments the velocity distribution, whereas the heavier species with chemical reaction parameters controls the solute profile. Moreover, a hike in thermal radiation in the temperature profile is exhibited for the increasing variation of the thermal radiation.