Environmental Assessment of Reusable Packaging for Pharmaceutical Logistics

Adopting reusable packaging is often assumed to generate a lower environmental impact than disposable single-use packaging. However, it is crucial to note that the results vary significantly across different fields and scenarios. The objective of this study is therefore to identify how the transport system configuration influences the environmental impact of shipping pharmaceuticals with reusable packaging. A multi-scenario analysis shows the impact of different loss rates and return mileage. The different scenarios of the life cycle assessment highlight the main CO2-eq contributors. LCA results indicate potential CO2-eq savings with reusable packaging over cardboard, though these savings depend on usage conditions, particularly shrinkage and returns. Measures such as implementing a digitalized deposit system are essential to ensure that the system retains its environmental advantages.