Psychosocial Predictors of Relapse Prevention among Newly Discharged Substance Use Disorder Patients in a Nigerian Psychiatric Facility

Background: Relapse following treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) presents a global public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite treatment gains, many patients experience relapse shortly after discharge, often due to psychosocial challenges that are insufficiently addressed in conventional interventions. Aim: This study investigates the influence of self-efficacy, coping strategies, perceived social support, and treatment adherence on relapse prevention among newly discharged SUD patients in Nigeria. Method: Using a mixed-method approach, 187 patients discharged from the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Yaba were surveyed using standardized instruments: the General Self-Efficacy Scale, Brief COPE, MSPSS, MMAS-8, and the Advance Warning of Relapse Questionnaire. Qualitative interviews were also conducted and analyzed thematically. Results: Quantitative analysis showed that all four psychosocial variables significantly predicted relapse prevention (R² = 0.619, p < 0.001). Self-efficacy (β = 0.374) and treatment adherence (β = 0.325) emerged as the strongest predictors. Qualitative findings revealed recurring themes including self-belief, structured coping, family support, and adherence barriers. Conclusion: Strengthening psychosocial resources post-discharge—through enhanced self-efficacy, effective coping, social integration, and adherence strategies—may significantly reduce relapse risk. Tailored psychosocial interventions should be prioritized alongside pharmacological treatment.