Optimal Operation of a Smart Greenhouse-Integrated Microgrid for Strawberry Growth in Atlantic Climate

Greenhouses are essential for sustainable agriculture, supporting increased crop production while providing food security and economic stability in rural areas. This paper introduces a nonlinear optimization approach to enhance greenhouse efficiency by integrating automation, climate control, and energy management. A comprehensive mathematical model is developed, incorporating key components such as renewable energy sources, water systems, pumps, a reservoir, and a controlled greenhouse environment. The model also accounts for a CHP heating system, artificial lighting, sensors, a CO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> injector, a dehumidifier, a fogger, and energy storage to maintain optimal growing conditions. To validate its effectiveness, the proposed model is applied to a case study greenhouse, demonstrating its reliability and optimal performance. The results highlight the system's potential for broader applications in smart agriculture, showcasing its scalability and efficiency in optimizing greenhouse operations.