Energy-Efficient Clustering-Based Routing Protocol Using Variable Duty Cycle for Wireless Body Area Networks

In the future, real-time health monitoring may be possible with Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) technology. WBAN-based remote health monitoring is affordable and offers frequent information. WBAN makes use of small, battery-powered sensors on the human body, some of which lose energy while being transmitted. Battery power conservation should be given top priority while designing WBAN protocols. For real-time health monitoring systems, this research suggests a cooperative routing method and a clustering-based routing algorithm based on low duty cycle. Sensor nodes are split into two halves by the suggested protocol, each of which has its own sink. A cluster head (CH) is chosen by each node within a chunk based on the cost function. After aggregating the data, the CH sends it to the sink. Depending on which option uses the least amount of energy, cluster nodes can send data to the sink directly or via a forwarder node. A function based on residual energy and distance will choose the cluster's forwarder node. The low-duty cycle system is essential for battery energy recovery. By removing the requirement for frequent battery change, the proposed method allows for real-time health monitoring in both indoor and outdoor environments. Lastly, a comparison of the suggested protocols is made.