The Critical Role of TP53 in Developing Leukaemia in Human and Dogs, Review Article

Haematological cancer is an important disease and often diagnosed in both humans and dogs. In recent years, there is an increase in the incidence of cancer, in particular leukaemia, due to different causes. This remarkable increase of diagnosed cancer cases may indicate a very dangerous health issue. The main causes of developing such cancer are due to genetic aberration and chromosomal rearrangements. These alterations may appear as mutations that affect a wide range of genes. One of these frequently mutated genes is TP53. The TP53 gene plays a central role in controlling critical functions inside the cell, such as the cell cycle, cell metabolism, DNA repair process, and serves as a transcriptional factor for a vast number of genes. The mutations in the TP53 gene are resulting in the development of various spontaneous types of cancer in both humans and dogs, including haematological cancer. The research that is interested in haematological cancer in veterinary aspects is limited. Therefore, the main focus of this review is to highlight the relationship of developing haematological cancer in both humans and dogs and the role of TP53 mutations.