El canon minero y el desarrollo socioeconómico en las regiones del Perú

In Peru, mining represents a key activity due to its contribution to the gross domestic product and the generation of foreign exchange. However, questions persist regarding the actual impact of the mining canon, a fiscal resource derived from 50% of the income tax generated by the exploitation of metallic and non-metallic minerals, on the socioeconomic development of beneficiary regions. In response to this issue, the present study aims to analyze the effect of the mining canon on the socioeconomic development of the country’s departments. The research adopts a quantitative approach, with an explanatory scope and a non-experimental design. A total of 264 observations were used, drawn from the Regional Information System for Decision-Making, the National Household Survey, and the Central Reserve Bank of Peru. The analysis was conducted using econometric panel data techniques, processed with Python software. The results indicate that a 1% increase in the mining canon is associated with a 0.00301% rise in per capita household income and a 0.00655% increase in the level of education. Regarding monetary poverty, the impact varies across departments, depending on the amount transferred and the capacity for local management. It is concluded that, on average, the mining canon contributes positively to regional socioeconomic development, although its effectiveness largely depends on the quality of institutional management and the strategic use of resources for investment purposes.