Research on multi-objective collaborative optimization of gravity energy storage systems

Abstract This study conducts a thorough analysis and optimization of GESS for intensive energy enterprises aiming to integrate a high level of renewable energy. It tackles the transformation challenges by proposing innovative storage solutions, where GES uses surplus renewable energy to lift counterweights, storing energy for later release during generation to stabilize the grid and improve renewable utilization. A multi-objective optimization framework is applied, integrating capacity-power configuration, structural design, and economic optimization, assessing the economic feasibility for regional storage. By opting for steel counterweights to boost energy density, the method identifies the optimal design for energy storage and counterweight dimensions. Set within an energy-intensive enterprise, the system comprises GES, a photovoltaic station, a wind turbine, and an electrical load. The optimized GES system reaches 13.5 MWh storage and 1.9 MW power, reducing construction costs by 33.9% over non-optimized designs. The study concludes that the GES system provides a cost-effective solution for industrial parks, particularly under high renewable penetration, underscoring GES’s role in sustainable energy management.