Devising the m-learning framework for enhancing students' confidence through expert consensus

Past research has shown the relationship between self-regulated learning (SRL) and academic success. Self-regulated learners will monitor their learning, reflect on what they have learnt, adjust their learning strategies accordingly, and repeat this entire process throughout their learning. The ability to perform SRL will require the individual to have the belief and confidence in his/her capacity to succeed and accomplish the tasks. Therefore, this study aims to devise a mobile learning (m-learning) framework for enhancing the students’ confidence. To achieve this, the Fuzzy Delphi method was used to validate the proposed framework where the survey questionnaire was distributed to 21 experts who are the experts in their respective fields for their consensus to be obtained. Consensus showed that “assessment data” can indicate the students’ confidence when they attempt the assessment. Experts opined that “goal expectation,” and “viewed lessons, chapters, or syllabus” exert the most influence on the students’ confidence when they attempt their assessment. There was strong consensus from experts that “data security” is the most important element in the system infrastructure, and the “text mining technique” element can be used to evaluate the students’ confidence.