Leveraging Large Language Models for Cultural Heritage Digitization: A Textual Analysis of Historical Buildings

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies into cultural heritage management represents a significant advance in interdisciplinary research. These technologies, such as 3D modeling, GIS (Geographic Information System), and natural language processing (NLP), enable the analysis of large historical datasets, the prediction of degradation, and the optimization of restoration strategies. This study analyzes in detail the technical, ethical, and practical aspects of AI application in the field of cultural heritage conservation, highlighting benefits such as sustainability, improved accessibility of historical data, and enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration. The study also identifies challenges associated with implementing these technologies, including standardization of data formats and long-term compatibility of the technologies. We showed that it is possible to utilize large language models (LLMs) to process unstructured archival documents related to Slovak cultural heritage and extract key information important for the management of historical buildings.