Reference Architecture for Digital Product Passports: Leveraging AI in Industry 4.0 Systems

The AIDEAS project proposes an innovative reference architecture designed to transform and optimise the lifecycle of industrial equipment, promoting sustainability, agility and resilience in Industry 4.0. By integrating advanced artificial intelligence tools, such as the Digital Product Passport (DPP), it enhances traceability, interoperability and the adoption of circular economy practices. Organised into five core sets, the AIDEAS framework offers integrated solutions for the design, manufacturing, use, repair-reuse-recycle phases, as well as a Machine Passport system to enhance traceability. This article outlines the architectural design of AIDEAS, detailing its modular approach and its ability to integrate AI technologies with established industrial practices.