Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Direct Effects of Lightning on Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EV) are more susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) compared to traditional vehicles due to their extensive use of electronic components. Lightning strikes generate intense electromagnetic disturbances that pose significant risks to the safety of EVs. The rapid growth in the number of EVs has led to an increased likelihood of lightning strike incidents. In this paper, the mechanisms of the direct effects of lightning on EVs are studied. A detailed simulation model which include the metal body, cables, and shielded boxes is established. By simulation the lightning risks to various components under different conditions are evaluated. Based on the analysis, potential protective measures are proposed to reduce the harm of lightning and improve the electromagnetic immunity of EVs.