The definition of soil science from a geographical perspective

• Reinforces spatial relationships in a new soil science definition. • Addresses gap in past definitions lacking geographic context. • Traces historical shifts in soil-science concepts and scope. • Defines soil as spatially varied, temporally dynamic systems. • Enhances soil science for planning, management, sustainability. This paper proposes a revised definition of “soil science” through the lens of geography, emphasizing the critical role of spatial dimensions and landscape relationships in shaping soil systems. While traditional definitions often neglect the geographical context, soil properties, formation processes, and functions are inherently influenced by spatial variability and environmental interactions. By examining the historical evolution of soil science, existing definitions, core geographical principles, and advancements in soil mapping, this paper proposes a refined definition of soil science that explicitly integrates geographical perspectives. This revised definition conceptualizes soil as a spatially heterogeneous and temporally dynamic system, governed by its geographical setting and spatial configuration. Incorporating this perspective not only deepens the theoretical foundations of soil science but also enhances its relevance to land use planning, environmental management, and sustainable agricultural practices.