Adaptive physical education as a tool for developing motor and cognitive skills in children with ASD

<p><strong>Context and relevance. </strong>Motor disorders are significantly more prevalent among children with disabilities, including those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), compared to the general pediatric population. <strong>Objective</strong>. To analyze current scientific data on the impact of adaptive physical education (APE) on motor and cognitive functioning in children with ASD. <strong>Hypothesis. </strong>The correction of motor disorders through APE is a crucial component of a comprehensive physical, psychological, and social rehabilitation program for children with ASD. <strong>Methods and Matherials. </strong>An analytical review was conducted using data from open-access sources, periodicals, and the Russian Scientific Electronic Library (eLibrary.ru). A total of 37 domestic and international studies examining the impact of APE on motor-cognitive functioning and social skills in children with ASD were analyzed. <strong>Results. </strong>The review confirmed the positive effects of APE on the outcomes of comprehensive rehabilitation and social integration in children with ASD. Appropriately selected APE methods enhance motor experience, support the voluntary control of movement, and foster cognitive development. Promising APE approaches include motor correction techniques, body-oriented practices, rhythmic movement therapy, and others. Furthermore, the socializing nature of APE activities was shown to improve children’s speech and social skills. As part of this research, an adaptive SAMBO program was developed and piloted at the Adaptive SAMBO Center in Sochi. The intervention led to significant improvements in children’s speed and strength capacities, motor coordination, and cognitive functioning, as evidenced by enhanced results in dynamometry, the Romberg test, and flexibility assessments. Conclusions. A personalized APE-based program for correcting motor impairments in children with ASD should target the development of core motor skills and object-manipulation abilities. Effectively implemented APE methods also contribute to the advancement of social and communication competencies.</p>