Tuning Crystallization, Strength, and Luminescence Property of CuO Modified Sodium-Phosphate Glasses

This study investigates the impact of CuO doping on the non-isothermal crystallisation, mechanical, and luminescence properties of 45P 2 O 5 − (55 − x )Na 2 O − x CuO (where x = 0, 1, 3, and 5 mol%), prepared via a melt-quench technique. Mechanical properties are evaluated using the Makishima-Mackenzie and Rocherulle models, while crystallization kinetics are analyzed with the Kissinger and Augis-Bennett models. The substitution of Na 2 O with CuO weakens the glass network, with the 5 mol% CuO-doped glass (NC-5) exhibiting the lowest rigidity. Consequently, the activation energy for crystallization ( E c ) decreased as CuO content increased. This is accompanied by an increase in thermal stability and a decrease in the fragility index. Furthermore, the glasses exhibited a strong greenish-blue luminescence, having the values of correlated color temperature in the range of 9404-9332 K, which makes them suitable for photonic applications.