Research progress of bioactive glass in the remineralization of dental hard tissue

Bioactive glass (BAG) is a widely researched biomaterial in medical science. Renowned for its exceptional biocompatibility and excellent biosafety profile, it has been extensively utilized in clinical practice, especially in the repair and regeneration of bone and soft tissue. In recent years, biomaterials researchers have intensified their exploration of BAG within dental medicine, spanning prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and periodontology. Consequently, BAG has found increasing applications in oral medical products, including pulp capping agents, periodontal restoration, root canal filling agents, coating of dental instruments and implants, etc Notably, remarkable progress has been made in the remineralization of dental hard tissues. A careful survey of the existing literature reveals that most review articles only focus on the application of BAG in root canal treatment, endodontic treatment, implant restoration, and bone regeneration, and there is a conspicuous scarcity of comprehensive reviews dedicated to the application of BAG in the remineralization of dental hard tissue. This paper aims to comprehensively review the remineralization application of BAG in enamel, dentin and cementum. By doing so, it endeavors to furnish a theoretical basis for the treatment of enamel demineralization, dentin demineralization and allergies, and the enhancement of bond durability.