Cost assessment of a preventive vaccination program against highly pathogenic avian influenza in Austrian poultry farms

The ongoing global epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has led to the culling of millions of birds across the European Union and beyond. In response, preventive vaccination has been increasingly considered alongside existing measures to control HPAI in poultry. This study focusses on the costs and logistical implications of a potential preventive vaccination program for HPAI in Austrian poultry farms across multiple scenarios, considering different animal and production types, vaccination areas, and vaccination periods. Results show that targeting high-density poultry areas, specific farm types, and seasonal risks can optimize resources and reduce costs. Depending on the scenario, the total cost per vaccinated animal ranges from €1.52 to €4.06. Sensitivity analysis identifies vaccine costs and post-vaccination diagnostics as key cost drivers. The 2024 outbreak season resulted in an estimated €3 million in control-related costs in Austria, with most affected farms located in predefined high-risk zones, highlighting the potential cost-effectiveness of targeting vaccination efforts in these areas. This study provides a basis for policymakers to assess vaccination cost-effectiveness, supporting decisions on implementing an economically viable program to prevent HPAI outbreaks in Austria and other comparable settings.