Ma‐Xing‐Shi‐Gan Decoction Modulates the Gut‐Lung Axis in Pediatric Bacterial Pneumonia via <scp>HDAC3</scp> / <scp>NF</scp> ‐ <scp>κB</scp> Signaling and <scp>SCFA</scp> Restoration

Pediatric bacterial pneumonia continues to pose a significant global health burden, often resulting in serious complications. Recent studies have emphasized the pivotal role of the gut-lung axis in the progression of respiratory diseases, wherein disruptions in gut microbiota can aggravate pulmonary inflammation. This research investigates the underlying mechanisms by which Ma-Xing-Shi-Gan Decoction (MXSG), a classical formula in traditional Chinese medicine, influences the gut-lung axis in the context of childhood bacterial pneumonia. Clinical data indicated pronounced alterations in intestinal microbial composition and a marked decline in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels among affected pediatric patients-changes that coincided with dysfunctional gut-lung signaling. In a murine model of bacterial pneumonia, MXSG administration restored microbial diversity, elevated SCFA production, and attenuated inflammatory responses by suppressing the HDAC3/NF-κB signaling cascade. Key bioactive constituents of MXSG-namely, quercetin, osajin, nobiletin, and solasodine-were identified as critical regulators, modulating lipid metabolism and promoting SCFA biosynthesis. These results highlight the therapeutic promise of MXSG in reestablishing gut-lung homeostasis and shed light on its mechanistic potential in the treatment of pediatric bacterial pneumonia.