Cooking-class style fermentation as a context for co-created science and engagement

Fermented foods have been consumed for thousands of years and have been used as a model system to study community succession and other ecological questions. Additionally, cooking classes offer opportunities to learn about food preparation and history. In the present study, scientists and chefs delivered cooking-class style workshops in which participants learned the recipes of one of three fermented foods and the microbial ecology within these foods. Participants prepared jars of chow chow, kimchi, or kombucha to set up experiments to study microbial community succession and pH changes. The fermented foods were also used to test the following hypotheses: that increasing the number of substrates results in increased alpha diversity, and that phylogenetically diverse substrates will lead to greater beta diversity among microbial communities. Microbial communities contained lactic and acetic acid bacteria described previously in fermented foods, and indicator species were identified for cabbage and radish substrates in kimchi. Finally, we qualitatively comment on the experience of developing workshops with chefs and the use of participatory science in these experiments.IMPORTANCEThe present study demonstrates the utility of using fermented foods as an inexpensive and effective tool to investigate ecological phenomena and engage the public in microbiology and ecology through cooking-class style workshops. We also model a creative, interdisciplinary collaboration between scientists and chefs.