Activating Stable Multielectron Transfer via High‐Frequency Na <sup>+</sup> Jumping for a Sc‐doped Na <sub>3.97</sub> VMn <sub>0.97</sub> Sc <sub>0.03</sub> (PO <sub>4</sub> ) <sub>3</sub>

The Na<sub>4</sub>VMn(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (NVMP) cathode is considered one of the most promising candidates for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), but it suffers from a low capacity due to the limited kinetics of V<sup>3+</sup>/V<sup>4+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup>/Mn<sup>3+</sup> in the electrochemical reaction. A higher capacity can be achieved by activating a redox pair with high valence states like V<sup>4+</sup>/V<sup>5+</sup>. However, activation of those redox pairs in conventional NVMP cathode requires a redox potential beyond 4.0 V (vs Na<sup>+</sup>/Na) and induces serious structural degradation. Herein, a scandium (Sc)-doped Na<sub>3.97</sub>VMn<sub>0.97</sub>Sc<sub>0.03</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> is designed, which activates multielectron transfer while effectively mitigating reversibility compromises by configuring a rational voltage range. The capacity can be improved by 16.7% to 113.8 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> based on more electron transfer from 1.75e<sup>-</sup> to 2.05 e<sup>-</sup>, which is mainly attributed to the accelerated redox reactions of V<sup>3+</sup>/V<sup>4+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup>/Mn<sup>3+</sup> within 2.0-3.8 V (vs Na<sup>+</sup>/Na). The enhanced kinetics are achieved by faster Na<sup>+</sup> diffusion kinetics via high-frequency Na<sup>+</sup> jumping, which originates from enriched V<sub>Na</sub>' vacancy by Sc doping. The improved kinetics also ameliorate grain uniformity during repeatable charge-discharge cycling, leading to an excellent capacity retention of 80.2% after 1400 cycles at 5C. These findings offer a promising pathway toward facile and controllable multi-electron transfer cathodes.

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Small
Published
2025-08-14
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202507238
Primary Topic
Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures
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article
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article

Activating Stable Multielectron Transfer via High‐Frequency Na + Jumping for a Sc‐doped Na 3.97 VMn 0.97 Sc 0.03 (PO 4 ) 3

Peng Cheng, G.X. Li, Hao Liu, Zheyi Zou et al.
Small
Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures
article

Activating Stable Multielectron Transfer via High‐Frequency Na + Jumping for a Sc‐doped Na 3.97 VMn 0.97 Sc 0.03 (PO 4 ) 3

Peng Cheng, G.X. Li, Hao Liu, Zheyi Zou, Hui Gao, Xianfeng Li, Qiong Zheng, Jiahui Jiang, Hao Teng, Rui Xu
article en

Abstract

The Na<sub>4</sub>VMn(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (NVMP) cathode is considered one of the most promising candidates for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), but it suffers from a low capacity due to the limited kinetics of V<sup>3+</sup>/V<sup>4+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup>/Mn<sup>3+</sup> in the electrochemical reaction. A higher capacity can be achieved by activating a redox pair with high valence states like V<sup>4+</sup>/V<sup>5+</sup>. However, activation of those redox pairs in conventional NVMP cathode requires a redox potential beyond 4.0 V (vs Na<sup>+</sup>/Na) and induces serious structural degradation. Herein, a scandium (Sc)-doped Na<sub>3.97</sub>VMn<sub>0.97</sub>Sc<sub>0.03</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> is designed, which activates multielectron transfer while effectively mitigating reversibility compromises by configuring a rational voltage range. The capacity can be improved by 16.7% to 113.8 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> based on more electron transfer from 1.75e<sup>-</sup> to 2.05 e<sup>-</sup>, which is mainly attributed to the accelerated redox reactions of V<sup>3+</sup>/V<sup>4+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup>/Mn<sup>3+</sup> within 2.0-3.8 V (vs Na<sup>+</sup>/Na). The enhanced kinetics are achieved by faster Na<sup>+</sup> diffusion kinetics via high-frequency Na<sup>+</sup> jumping, which originates from enriched V<sub>Na</sub>' vacancy by Sc doping. The improved kinetics also ameliorate grain uniformity during repeatable charge-discharge cycling, leading to an excellent capacity retention of 80.2% after 1400 cycles at 5C. These findings offer a promising pathway toward facile and controllable multi-electron transfer cathodes.

SmallVol. 21(38)
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (CN), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (CN), Yulin University (CN), Xiangtan University (CN), Dalian Jiaotong University (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 81%
Molecular Junctions and Nanostructures
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