Smart Solar Tracking: Integrating Advanced Technologies for Next-Generation Photovoltaic Efficiency

The pursuit of higher efficiency in photovoltaic (PV) energy systems has driven significant advancements in solar tracking technologies.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest developments in smart solar tracking systems, emphasizing the integration of artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), and hybrid control strategies.We analyze the performance of various tracking mechanisms-including passive, active, single-axis, and dual-axis systems-under diverse environmental conditions and assess their economic viability for both large-scale and residential applications.Special attention is given to the role of predictive algorithms and real-time data analytics in optimizing energy capture and system reliability.The review also addresses the challenges posed by environmental factors such as wind and dust and explores engineering solutions for enhancing durability and reducing maintenance.Our findings highlight the transformative potential of next-generation solar tracking systems in maximizing PV output, lowering the levelized cost of electricity, and supporting the global transition to sustainable energy.The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and policy initiatives to accelerate the adoption of intelligent solar tracking technologies.