Integrating Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) Concept into the Petroleum Industry Operations in Nigeria, Benefits and Challenges

Abstract Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) presents significant benefits and challenges when integrated into Nigeria's petroleum industry operations. CCUS is the process of capturing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from fossil power generation and industrial processes for storage or re-use in subsurface Geological structures. Considering Nigeria's multifaceted issues from the environmental impact of petroleum operations, the concept of CCUS presents an advanced mitigation measure relevant to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and combating climate change, consequently sustaining its oil and gas sector This paper will highlight the benefits and challenges of integrating CCUS into Nigeria's petroleum industry. The benefits of deployment in Nigeria are promising as it leverages the existing petroleum infrastructure and viable Geological formations for the storage of CO₂, presenting the potential for enhanced oil recovery, stimulating the creation of new markets for CO₂-based products and aligning Nigeria with international climate commitments and policies such as the COP 29 Agreement while fostering sustainable economic growth. Also, the successful integration of the concept would align the petroleum industry with the national and sectoral policies such as the 2023 regulatory framework for energy transition and the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Council's regulatory template (Upstream Petroleum Decarbonization Template). This newly developed framework will present an opportunity for a low-cost capital inflow into the upstream business bringing to bear the production aspiration of the current government. The paper will spotlight the inherent challenges of integrating CCUS into Nigeria's petroleum operations, including the high implementation cost, public perception and acceptance, limited technical expertise, and inadequate regulatory framework bordering on this concept. These challenges will be addressed through a multi-pronged approach methodology for ease of implementation. CCUS is a relevant mitigating measure for climate change despite its challenges. It stands to propel the Nigerian petroleum industry to a low-carbon future that presents opportunities for earning carbon credits and enhances investment while fostering international partnerships. The research will conclude on the premise that the integration of the carbon CCUS in Nigeria's petroleum industry presents both environmental and economic benefits that can be harnessed by overcoming policy, technical, economic, and social challenges.