Comparative Analysis of Different Carbon Capture Technologies for Blue Hydrogen Production

Abstract The increasing global demand for energy and the urgent need to decarbonize the energy sector have intensified the focus on hydrogen as a clean energy carrier. Blue hydrogen, produced from natural gas with carbon capture and storage (CCS), offers a transitional pathway towards a hydrogen economy. However, the efficiency, cost, and environmental impact of different CCS technologies vary significantly, making it crucial to identify the most suitable option for sustainable blue hydrogen production. This study conducts a comparative analysis of prominent CCS technologies, including pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture (e.g., amine scrubbing), absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation. The analysis evaluates each technology based on its CO2 capture efficiency, cost-effectiveness (capital and operating costs), and environmental impact, considering factors such as energy consumption, water usage, and waste generation. Results indicate that while post-combustion capture using amine scrubbing is a mature technology with high capture rates, it suffers from high energy penalties and significant environmental impacts. Pre-combustion capture offers higher efficiency and lower energy consumption but faces challenges related to cost and scalability. Emerging technologies like adsorption and membrane separation show promise in terms of efficiency and reduced environmental footprint but require further development to improve cost-competitiveness. The study concludes that the optimal choice of CCS technology for blue hydrogen production depends on a complex interplay of factors, including plant size, natural gas composition, CO2 storage options, and economic considerations. A comprehensive assessment framework is essential for decision-makers to select the most appropriate technology that balances efficiency, cost, and environmental performance. This research contributes to informed decision-making in the pursuit of sustainable and cost-effective blue hydrogen production.