Not All Stones Are the Same: Personalizing Post-ESWL Surgical Choices

s (1) new paper, "Treatment Strategies for Kidney Stones Following ESWL Failure: A Prospective Comparative Study of Three Surgical Approaches".We are all aware that nephrolithiasis, or kidney stone disease, is a significant international public health problem.Given the significant lifetime risk of 10-15% and a recurrence rate of 50% within 10 years of the index event (2), a paper addressing these statistics is worth reading.The observations made by the authors speak to the challenges we face in clinics on a daily basis-patients disillusioned by failed treatments, asking what they should do next.