Risk of osteoporotic fractures for Central Federal District residents: Results from the epidemiologic study

Introduction . For successful planning and implementation of measures for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (OP), data on the prevalence of clinical risk factors (FR) of the disease and the frequency of high risk of osteoporotic fractures (OP-fractures) in a particular population are needed. Aim. To establish the prevalence of high risk of OP-fractures using the FRAX® instrument based on an assessment of the incidence of clinical RF for OP among the urban population of the Central Federal Region of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods . The study included 7,320 residents (5,613 women and 1,707 men) aged 50 years and older from 9 cities with a population of more than 100,000 people. A questionnaire was conducted on the main RF of OP, daily calcium intake and physical activity during the month preceding the survey were assessed. Results. The most common clinical RF of OP were the presence of a low-energy fracture after the age of 40 (29.3%), the causes of secondary OP (23.2%), and smoking (10.8%). 39.9% of the surveyed individuals had three or more RF, including 41.4% of women and 35.1% of men (p < 0.05). The daily calcium intake ≥ 1000 mg was detected only in 9% of women and 5% of men. Low physical activity was recorded in 24.9% of the surveyed individuals, while significantly less among men (20.4%) than among women (26.3%), p < 0.05. 32% of women and 3.6% of men had a high 10-year probability of major OP fractures (p < 0.05). Conclusions . The most common RF of OP were insufficient intake of dietary calcium, low physical activity, previous low-energy fracture after the age of 40, smoking and the causes of secondary OP in residents aged ≥ 50 years. About 1/3 of women and 3.6% of men in this region had a risk of major OP-fractures according to the FRAX® above the threshold of therapeutic intervention and they need to be prescribed a course of anti-osteoporotic therapy.